Crédito imagem – FIFA.com
“… un pibe de cara sucia, con una cabellera que le protestó al peine el derecho de ser rebelde; con los ojos inteligentes, revoloteadores, engañadores y persuasivos, de miradas chispeantes que suelen dar la sensación de la risa pícara que no consigue expresar esa boca de dientes pequeños, como gastados de morder el pan ‘de ayer’. Unos remiendos unidos con poco arte servirán de pantalón. Una camiseta a rayas argentinas, demasiado decotada y con muchos agujeros hechos por los invisibles ratones del uso. Una tira atada a la cintura, cruzando el pecho a manera de banda, sirve de tirador. Las rodillas cubiertas de cascarones de lastimaduras que desinfectó el destino; descalzo, o con alpargatas cuyas roturas sobre los dedos grandes dejan entrever que se han efectuado de tanto shotear. Su actitud debe ser característica, dando la impresión de que está realizando un dribbling con la pelota de trapo. Eso sí: la pelota no puede ser otra. De trapo, y con preferencia forrada con una media vieja. Si algún día llegara a instalarse este monumento seríamos muchos los que ante él nos descubriríamos como ante un altar.” (El Gráfico Nº 480, 1928, p. 11)
Esta é a descrição do jornalista Ricardo Lorenzo do que seria o monumento do jogo argentino. Borocotó, como Ricardo Lorenzo era conhecido, está para o imaginário argentino como os irmãos Nelson Rodrigues e Mário Filho estão para o Brasil. Era o editor do El Gráfico, que foi possivelmente a revista esportiva mais influente do mundo. Passada as brevíssimas apresentações, quando falamos de um “pibe”, moleque de cara suja, com cabeleira rebelde, olhos inteligentes, etc. quem vem em sua mente? Chegaremos lá.
Os anos 1920 no futebol argentino foram anos de afirmação de sua identidade nacional, depois das primeiras décadas de domínio britânico. No final do século XIX eram 45 mil britânicos em Buenos Aires, em um período de colonização mundial por parte dos ingleses, seja territorial, como na Índia, mas também econômica, com dívidas externas e controle de mercados estratégicos nos outros países. Bancos, ferrovias e comércio argentino, em especial na capital, eram de controle inglês. Organizada por quinze britânicos e um nascido em Santa Lúcia, a primeira partida registrada em solo argentino acontece no dia 20 de junho de 1867, próximo de onde hoje é o estádio Monumental de Núñez. Apenas quatro anos após a padronização das primeiras regras da Football Association em 1863.
Até 1912 a Argentina viveu seu primeiro nascimento no futebol. Um nascimento inglês, com o objetivo de “jogar bem e sem paixão” (Iwanczuk, 1995). A grande equipe desta época é o Alumni, formado em 1898 por alunos e ex-alunos de escolas inglesas de Buenos Aires com o objetivo de defender valores britânicos diante da popularização do futebol na Argentina. Pouco antes da fundação do Alumni o Ministério da Justiça e Educação Pública, por influência britânica, tornara obrigatórias as aulas de Educação Física nas escolas e proibindo que instituições de ensino tivessem seus nomes em competições, o quê favoreceu o surgimento de clubes ingleses como o Alumni.
Entre os anos de 1900 e 1911 o Alumni ganhou 10 campeonatos nacionais. Mas foram anos de grandes transformações sociais no país, com muitos imigrantes desembarcando nos portos argentinos, principalmente em Buenos Aires.
Entre 1895 e 1914 a população de imigrantes nascidos em outro país subiu de 25% para pouco mais de 30% na Argentina, sendo aproximadamente 75% deles vindos de Espanha ou Itália. Na capital os imigrantes eram 67% dos comerciantes, 76% dos artistas e eram maioria em outras classes trabalhistas como engenheiros e arquitetos. A população de Buenos Aires cresceu de 260,000 em 1880 para 1,576,000 em 1914, com quase metade da população formada por imigrantes, vindos principalmente de Espanha e Itália. No mesmo ano, 80% daqueles nascidos na Argentina eram descendentes de imigrantes que haviam chegado no país desde 1860 (Archetti, 2003).
Entre 1885 e 1915 houve ainda um “boom” de clubes sendo fundados. Para se ter noção, todos os 24 participantes do campeonato argentino de 2019/20 são desta época. O campeonato argentino, iniciado em 1893, ganha a segunda divisão em 1895; a terceira em 1899; a quarta em 1902 e em 1907 ainda existiam cerca de 300 clubes sem divisão. Ainda hoje podemos observar a popularização ao constatar que Buenos Aires tem 36 estádios com pelo menos 10 mil lugares, a número um do mundo neste quesito.
E assim, pelo alto crescimento urbano, populacional e principalmente em Buenos Aires com a chegada de imigrantes que a Argentina forma o seu estilo argento e tem o seu segundo nascimento no futebol, desta vez criollo, que vem da sua terra. E para fundar seu estilo, o velho deve morrer para dar lugar ao novo. Agora o futebol deve-se “jogar bem e com paixão”.
O estilo da La Nuestra se daria pela mistura da cultura gaucha com a dos pampas. Daí viriam muitas metáforas apropriadas pelo futebol argento, como o drible ser a gambeta (nome que se dá à corrida de um avestruz) e os potreros. A noção dos potreros é especial por vir dos largos pastos onde os cavalos – animal que simboliza a liberdade na cultura gaucha – podem ser livres. Um pibe em um potrero tem o potencial de simbolizar a máxima liberdade, mas para isso deve ter a liberdade de expressão corporal como em uma dança de tango. Aí surge o monumento daquele que seria o pibe de oro, descrita por Borocotó e que todos nós lemos é impossível não pensar em Diego Armando Maradona.
O também jornalista Hugo Asch, escreveu sobre o papel do camisa 10 argentino, chamado lá de enganche: “Estamos falando de um número, o 10 é uma condição para poucos: ser o criativo da equipe, o ideólogo. […] um invento muito argentino, quase uma necessidade. O gênio incompreendido que com um gesto, um toque, um arranque sempre mais mágico do que lógico, consegue o espaço exato, o passe genial, o caminho para o gol e para a vitória” (Asch, 2007).
O enganche é o jogador total argento, pelo qual é possível compreender toda uma cultura do país e sua história, que carrega valores, necessidades e mitos. A narrativa mitológica que El Gráfico fez por muitos anos ajuda a pensar este jogador total por um âmbito, mas proponho aqui para você que está lendo a pensar a influência do rápido crescimento urbano, do uso dos espaços públicos, do pertencimento à cidade, dos encontros das diferenças, da encruzilhada (lembrando Luiz Antônio Simas) e por fim, da liberdade do futebol de rua nos potreros para formar organicamente estes pibes capazes de fazer mágica.
Bibliografia
Archetti, E. (2003). Transforming Argentina: sport, modernity and national building in the periphery. Antropolítica : Revista Contemporânea de Antropologia e Ciência Política, 41-61.
Asch, H. (12 de Agosto de 2007). Una bala para el enganche. Fonte: Perfil: https://www.perfil.com/noticias/columnistas/una-bala-para-el-enganche-20070812-0007.phtml
Iwanczuk, J. (1995). Historia del fútbol amateur em la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Autores Editores.
94 respostas em “A construção social de um jogador – o enganche argentino”
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