Por: Valter Bracht
O termo bolha tem ganhado crescente e recente notoriedade. Foi muito utilizado para designar, no campo econômico, a existência de uma especulação sem lastro concreto (bolha imobiliária, bolha na bolsa de valores…). Mais recentemente, vem sendo utilizado para se referir a uma prática nas redes sociais da internet que configuram um circuito fechado de comunicação, ou seja, onde apenas determinados conteúdos são veiculados e admitidos, uma espécie de círculo vicioso.
Entendo ser possível pensar também o espetáculo do futebol como uma espécie de bolha. O grande estudioso do jogo, Johan Huizinga, autor do clássico Homo Ludens, destaca como uma de suas características, que o jogo produz uma espécie de suspensão do cotidiano (criando um mundo dentro do mundo). A partir do estabelecimento de um conjunto de regras próprias, produz um campo de ação também próprio. Cria-se então uma atmosfera na qual os envolvidos (atletas e torcedores) estão momentaneamente em “outro mundo”. Isso não elimina, no entanto, a ambiguidade, pois os envolvidos (no sentido de envoltos) mantém simultaneamente um pé dentro do jogo e outro fora; no fundo no fundo todos sabem que aquilo é “apenas um jogo” e que depois, voltam a valer as regras que regem nosso cotidiano.
Chama a atenção o fato de que essa atmosfera pode ser exacerbada, e o é muitas vezes intencionalmente, elevando em muito a tensão emocional do ambiente e dos envolvidos. Isso pode chegar a um ponto, em que, exatamente essa ambiguidade é como que borrada: não é mais apenas um jogo. O fato do jogo (de futebol, no caso) acontecer num espaço fechado, estádio ou arena, favorece a construção de um clima propício à exacerbação das emoções e a sensação de participação de todos na construção do evento. (análises sobre o papel, a influência e a necessidade da grande mídia nessa construção mereceria um capítulo a parte).
Fiz essa pequena digressão porque venho me perguntando, como é possível que nesse nosso mundo, uma boa parte da população esteja tão intensamente envolvida com os espetáculos esportivos (não só, mas particularmente com o campeonato mundial de clubes de futebol) ao mesmo tempo em que muitos seres humanos estejam sendo mortos em diferentes lugares em confrontos bélicos, em guerras de grandes proporções? (aliás, voltando ao Homo Ludens, seu autor identifica características do jogo em várias outras práticas humanas, inclusive na guerra; outros ainda entendem o próprio futebol como uma “guerra domesticada”).
É conhecido e alardeado o fato de que os gregos antigos suspendiam suas atividades guerreiras durante a realização dos jogos (Olímpicos, Píticos, Nemeus, Fúnebres,…). Não é nosso caso: convivemos, aparentemente sem remorsos, com os dois.
O que esse fenômeno, ou seja, de que simultaneamente grandes massas estejam “festejando” e participando de espetáculos de futebol e outras promovendo a morte de milhares de pessoas em guerras espalhadas pelo mundo, simboliza a respeito da humanidade? Se assistimos a um telejornal nesses dias, podemos perceber que um apresentador ou apresentadora com semblante sério e muitas vezes sisudo, num segmento narra as últimas notícias sobre as guerras e, em outro segmento, com um semblante risonho traz reportagens sobre os resultados do mundial de futebol e as comemorações das torcidas das equipes vencedoras – duas facetas da realidade colocadas lado a lado como absolutamente equivalentes. A sensação é a de que vivemos efetivamente em dois mundos. Num em que o homem brinca ou joga (para Schiller, em seu famoso A educação estética do homem, é no jogo que o homem é verdadeiramente humano), em outro em que negamos um ideal de humanidade construído a duras penas no nosso processo civilizador. Parece que o ser humano é realmente capaz de viver essa dicotomia (esquizofrenia?) sem grandes afetações.
Mas, podemos também ser mais condescendentes conosco mesmo e perguntar, se esses momentos de suspensão do cotidiano não são necessários para conviver com a impotência que sentimos de mudar os rumos da história? Sinal de insanidade, de alienação ou, ao contrário, de manutenção da capacidade de sobreviver às agruras do mundo, de seguir vivendo, ou mesmo um sinal ou uma indicação de que um outro mundo é possível?
Pode ser isso e aquilo, mas lembro que no período da pandemia de COVID (momento em que todos nós fomos afetados), debate semelhante ocorreu: devemos ou não paralisar as atividades esportivas em favor da saúde da população? Poderíamos ou desejaríamos paralisar as atividades esportivas mundiais como protesto contra as guerras e a favor de um acordo de paz? (não lembro de nenhuma faixa a favor do fim da guerra e da política dos EUA a respeito dos migrantes nesse campeonato mundial) Tivemos opiniões divididas no caso da pandemia, mas, no caso atual, suspeito que a força do mercado mundial do futebol, com a multinacional FIFA à frente, vai fazer o show continuar; de dentro da minha bolha sinto a vida pulsar, não a morte, que é dos “outros”!
Imagem: Brennan Asplen/Getty
104 respostas em “A BOLHA FUTEBOL”
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