O que sustenta boas decisões e indica talentos no futebol

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Por: Nicolau Trevisani

No último texto publicado aqui na Universidade do Futebol, discutimos como o ambiente de treino pode ser manipulado para evocar estados emocionais específicos — e como essas emoções, quando bem guiadas, impactam o comportamento tático dos atletas. Hoje, gostaria de seguir nesse fio condutor: se as emoções influenciam o comportamento, o que elas nos dizem sobre a qualidade das decisões tomadas dentro do jogo?

Mais do que a técnica, ou mesmo o conhecimento tático, a tomada de decisão é atravessada por uma condição emocional específica: a capacidade de presença “no aqui e no agora”. Aquilo que alguns chamam de flow, outros de estado ótimo. Pensando no futebol, gosto muito da ideia de “estado de jogo” trazida pelo professor Alcides Scaglia, a qual tive acesso há muitos anos, na qual ele define o estado de jogo como: “Uma suspensão momentânea da realidade comum, na qual o jogador experimenta uma imersão completa na dinâmica do jogo. Nesse estado, tudo mais parece desaparecer — restando apenas o contexto da partida e a ação situacional como foco total.”

Ou seja, trata-se de um estado em que o atleta consegue viver aquele momento de maneira tão entregue e presente que atinge uma condição de isolamento de qualquer ruído externo, vivendo o jogo e alcançando o seu melhor nível de performance.

Para entendermos melhor o estado de jogo — e sua relação com a performance — precisamos fazer uma separação importante. É muito comum associarmos bom desempenho ao prazer. Mas nem sempre o prazer significa desenvolvimento ou desempenho. O prazer pode vir de atividades lúdicas e pouco desafiadoras (o que, quando pensamos em recuperação mental da equipe, tem muito valor se bem colocadas dentro da rotina e periodização).

Mas o estado de jogo exige mais: exige engajamento, risco e exposição a contextos realmente desafiadores. Para entrar nesse estado, o atleta precisa de um equilíbrio entre o nível de desafio proposto e sua capacidade de executá-lo. Se for muito simples (como, às vezes, são as atividades muito prazerosas), não se atinge a zona de equilíbrio necessária.

Além disso, há fatores que podem facilitar o alcance desse estado ideal, como:

  1. Tarefas claras e com significado — por exemplo, uma estratégia de jogo bem definida, com funções bem estabelecidas para vencer uma partida, ou até mesmo um treino com objetivos e regras claras.
  2. Segurança emocional para errar — um ambiente que permita o erro, sem cobranças excessivas por parte de treinadores ou responsáveis.
  3. Feedbacks claros e construtivos — mesmo quando negativos.
  4. Confiança na própria leitu

Da mesma forma, a ausência desses fatores pode funcionar como bloqueadora, impedindo que o atleta atinja o estado de jogo — seja em treino ou em competição. É claro que, dependendo de cada indivíduo — sua capacidade de regulação emocional e experiências prévias — o peso desses fatores varia. Cada jogador responde de forma diferente.

A tomada de decisão, muitas vezes tratada como um processo somente racional ou ligada unicamente à inteligência tática, é cada vez mais atravessada por aspectos emocionais. Isso interfere tanto no que o jogador decide quanto em como ele interpreta o contexto em que está inserido.

Treinar ou analisar decisões também é treinar como lidar com emoções (como falamos, por exemplo, na descoberta guiada emocional), mas também é treinar a capacidade do jogador de permanecer imerso no presente — no “aqui e agora” — para então ser mais eficiente e claramente como isso irá se traduzir em desempenho no jogo.

Como scout, me interesso cada vez mais por observar não apenas os atributos físicos ou técnicos, ou como o jogador interpreta suas opções de passe, mas o estado emocional que sustenta a decisão. Qual é o comportamento do jogador quando erra? Quão focado e imerso ele permanece mesmo vencendo por 6×0? Como é sua entrega em contextos adversos? Qual seu nível de atenção em momentos de definição?

Essas questões ajudam a entender o quanto o jogador consegue se manter presente no jogo — e no estado de jogo.

Quando analisamos um jogador, tão ou mais importante do que observar aspectos tangíveis é tentar entender o que sustenta aquilo que é visível de forma objetiva. Nesse sentido, entender o estado de jogo é um excelente termômetro.

Quando conseguimos observar um jogador com alta capacidade de foco  no presente  e  imersão no jogo, podemos estar diante de um talento mais sólido para o jogo de futebol. Muitas vezes, atletas com essa capacidade — de manter-se em estado de jogo e com alto nível de foco — têm mais a contribuir com a equipe do que jogadores tecnicamente excelentes que as vezes até são capazes de encontrar algumas boas soluções na partida mas de forma menos frequentes , mas que não conseguem se manter emocionalmente conectados com o jogo.

Foto: Reuters

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